Glossary

What is MCP (Model Context Protocol)?

The open standard, originated by Anthropic, that lets AI agents discover and use tools across the enterprise.

Definition

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open standard, originally created by Anthropic, that defines how AI agents discover and use tools. Build an MCP server once, and every MCP-compatible agent — Claude, Cursor, Codex, Windsurf, ChatGPT, and others — can use it. Salesforce, DocuSign, Azure DevOps, GitHub, Notion, Slack, and most major enterprise platforms shipped MCP servers in 2026; Salesforce's Headless 360 announcement made every Salesforce capability available as an MCP tool. MCP is doing for AI agents what REST did for web services: standardizing the protocol layer that everything connects through.

Why it matters

The agentic enterprise needs a way for agents to talk to enterprise systems without writing custom integration code for every new agent-system pairing. Before MCP, every agent platform had its own tool-calling format. After MCP, the same MCP server works for any MCP-compatible client. This is the protocol-layer standardization that makes the agentic enterprise economically viable at scale.

But the protocol is only the easy part. Without governance — auth, audit trails, rate limits, lifecycle management — every MCP server an enterprise stands up is a new attack surface. See MuleSoft Agent Fabric (/glossary/agent-fabric/) for the productized governance layer and the governed API layer (/glossary/governed-api-layer/) for the broader pattern.

The core concepts

MCP server. Exposes tools, resources, and prompts that an MCP client (an agent) can discover and use.

MCP client. Typically an AI agent or coding assistant. Discovers MCP servers, calls tools, retrieves resources.

Tools. The discrete actions an MCP server exposes — each with a defined input/output schema agents can introspect.

Resources. Read-only data that an MCP client can retrieve.

Prompts. Reusable prompt templates an MCP server can offer to clients.

Transport layer. stdio, Server-Sent Events (HTTP), and WebSocket transports.

What it means for enterprise architects

MCP changes the integration math. Every API your business has built becomes potentially agent-accessible. But 'potentially' is the key word — production-grade agent access requires governance, observability, and lifecycle management. The cleanest architectural pattern is to expose MCP servers through a governed integration layer (MuleSoft) rather than directly from each system to each agent. That preserves the standardization win while preventing point-to-point integration sprawl from recurring at the agent layer. Wiring every agent directly to every system's MCP server is the protocol-shift version of the point-to-point integration mess MuleSoft was built to solve a decade ago. Different protocol, same architectural smell.

How Green Irony delivers MCP implementations

We build MCP servers as the operating infrastructure for our own AI Chief of Staff. Notion, Slack, Gmail, Calendar, DocuSign — all run through MCP for us, with rate limits, scoped credentials, and audit logs. We deliver the same pattern for clients via Run on Claude (/run-on-claude/) and SMB MuleSoft (/smb-mulesoft/) engagements. See our blog post MCP Is the New API (/blog/mcp-is-the-new-api/).

Frequently asked questions

Who created MCP?
Anthropic published MCP as an open standard in late 2024. Designed to let Claude (and any other AI agent) connect to external tools and data sources without custom integration code per system.
What's the difference between MCP and a REST API?
MCP is a protocol on top of existing API infrastructure, not a replacement. Most MCP servers wrap existing REST APIs and expose them in a tool-calling format agents can discover.
Do I need MCP if I already have APIs?
Yes, if you want AI agents to use your APIs at scale. MCP gives agents a standardized way to discover what tools are available. Without MCP, every agent integration is bespoke.
Is MCP an Anthropic-only standard?
No. MCP is an open protocol — Salesforce, DocuSign, Azure DevOps, GitHub, Notion, Slack, OpenAI, and many others have shipped MCP servers and clients.
How does MCP relate to MuleSoft?
MuleSoft serves MCP endpoints with governance, observability, rate limiting, and lifecycle management baked in. Every MuleSoft API can be exposed as an MCP tool through MCP Connector or MCP Bridge.
What's the security model for MCP?
MCP itself is a transport-and-discovery protocol; it doesn't define authentication or authorization. Production-grade MCP deployments route traffic through a gateway layer that enforces auth, rate limits, audit trails, and access control.

Related terms